We study the influence of family members, neighbors and coworkers on retirement behavior. To estimate causal retirement spillovers between individuals, we exploit a pension reform in the Netherlands that creates exogenous variation in peers' retirement ages, and we use administrative data on the full Dutch population. We find large spillovers in couples, primarily due to women reacting to their husband's retirement choices. Consistent with homophily in social interactions, the influence of the average sibling, neighbor and coworker is modest, but sizable spillovers emerge between similar individuals in these groups. Additional evidence suggests both leisure complementarities and the transmission of social norms as mechanisms behind retirement spillovers. Our findings imply that pension reforms have a large social multiplier, amplifying their overall impact on retirement behavior by 40%.

This systematic and large-scale reproduction effort tests the reproducibility and robustness of economics and political science. We reproduced original analyses and conducted robustness checks of 110 articles recently published in leading economics and political science journals (all of which have mandatory data and code sharing policies). We found that over 85% of published claims were computationally reproducible. In robustness checks, our re-analyses led to 72% of statistically significant e stimates t o r emain s ignificant an d in th e sa me direction, and the median reproduced effect size is (nearly) the same as the originally published effect size (that is, 99% of the published effect size). Additionally, six independent research teams examined 12 pre-specified hypotheses a bout determinants of robustness. Research teams with more experience found lower levels of robustness, and robustness correlated with neither author characteristics nor data availability.